plumbers Chelsea Encyclopedical explanation of the valves
A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure. The word is derived from the Latin valva, the moving part of a door, in turn from volvere, to turn, roll.
The simplest, and very ancient, valve is simply a freely hinged flap which drops to obstruct fluid (gas or liquid) flow in one direction, but is pushed open by flow in the opposite direction. This is called a check valve, as it prevents or "checks" the flow in one direction. Modern control valves may regulate pressure or flow downstream and operate on sophisticated automation systems.
Valves have many uses, including controlling water for irrigation, industrial uses for controlling processes, residential uses such as on / off and pressure control to dish and clothes washers and taps in the home. Even aerosols have a tiny valve built in. Valves are also used in the military and transport sectors.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve
Equipment and tools for plumbing
Plumbing equipment includes devices often hidden behind walls or in utility spaces which are not seen by the general public. It includes water meters, pumps, expansion tanks, backflow preventers, water filters, UV sterilization lights, water softeners, water heaters, heat exchangers, gauges, and control systems.
Specialized plumbing tools include pipe wrenches, flaring pliers, pipe vise, pipe bending machine, pipe cutter, dies and joining tools such as soldering torches and crimp tools. New tools have been developed to help plumbers fix problems more efficiently. For example, plumbers use video cameras for inspections of hidden leaks or problems, they use hydro jets, and high pressure hydraulic pumps connected to steel cables for trench-less sewer line replacement.
Flooding from excessive rain or clogged sewers may require specialized equipment, such as a heavy duty pumper truck designed to vacuum raw sewage
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing#Equipment_and_tools
How to prevent the formation of hydraulic faults
Everyone knows perfectly well that it is much better to prevent failures hydraulics rather than repair them. To that just might be, it is the right approach to these issues and the efficient use of hydraulic installations, so you should find out what it is. First of all, at the beginning we should take care to choose a good system, a proven company and its installation to hire professionals. Later you need to be more regular periodic reviews and monitor the status of pipes and other parts of the system, and if you get even a small problem, it is always worth call a specialist, who immediately take care of him. Thus we avoid serious accidents which repair is often very expensive.